Category: Short Stories

  Billenium – J. G. Ballard

J.G.Ballard (1930-2009) was a British writer whose literary preoccupations often reflected a dystopic vision,  pushing the failures of urban civilization to its utmost limit. The present story-Billenium- is a typical case in point. The story is set in a futuristic timeline where the overcrowding of urban spaces has exceeded comfortable limits. So much so, that the allocation of tiny living spaces are regulated and overpriced. John Ward and Henry Rossiter, two friends, one working at the public library the other at the insurance department of the municipal office, often meet over lunch to count their blessings and share their woes. These two jobs are judiciously chosen. While John Ward’s library position allows him to interact with the average citizen, in order to show the anomie and indifference which has set in as a normal way of life, the statistician Henry Rossiter has access to official population figures hidden to the average population, but which when revealed forecast a further stretching of urban resources to accommodate increasingly scarce living areas. The estimated population growth over the next year, he says is  projected to be eight hundred million. The current state of the city is so bad that its inhabitants get blocked in people jams. John Ward remembers a time when it took 48 hours to exit the ‘people jam’ after attending an event at the stadium. The sluggish streams of moving people makes walking across the city slow and unpleasant, so much so that John avoids ‘unnecessary’, superfluous trips like visiting his parents, who live at the opposite side of the city.

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The Prison – Bernard Malamud

Bernard Malamud (1914-1986 ) was an American writer, whose literary output was often rooted to the social problems of his day, his writing often attempting to find the saving grace in the character of potential antagonists. The present story encapsulates most of the key features of Malamud’s writing. Tommy Castelli has been trapped in the disciplinary prison of his marriage and his candy, shop with its boredom, predictability and limitedness, after  a series of wrong decisions culminating from his unguided childhood living in the ‘lousy poverty’ of a ‘squawking neighbourhood’. From petty thieving he got into bigger thefts, following which he ha to be bailed out of prison by his father. The latter makes a deal to marry his son to some rich man’s daughter, who promises the boy a livelihood through a candy store  business. Funnily enough, the real imprisonment starts after his marriage. Tony’s name is changed to Tommy by his wife, his movement and activities controlled. He is hardly free to leave the store or to make occasional arrangements to the shop layout, which could bring him some degree of financial gain. He is depressed but resigned to the little freedom he has in the monotony of his predictable days. However, some form of redemption comes when he takes it in his mind to set on the right track a little girl ,who is stealing chocolate bars from his store. He ineffectively tries to warn the little girl that she has been seen, so as to stop her from spiraling into a future life of theft as he himself did in the past. But his many attempts are unfruitful and the young girl keeps stealing every week. His motivations are interesting. He neither wants to reprimand, judge nor embarrass the girl. He genuinely wants to avoid her life becoming a repeated  cycle of his own past infernal trajectory.

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An Englishman’s Home – Evelyn Waugh

Evelyn Waugh (1903-1966) was an English novelist who writing often dealt with the eccentricities of the old aristocracy as they confronted  a fast changing society. The falsely light-hearted descriptive style of the present story conceals the ironical judgement the author has for the fads and pretensions of the English upper caste, who believes in appearances at the expense of any type of sincere human relationships. An Englishman's Home centres around the ebullition which comes to a little English village when a false entrepreneur makes a move on one of the properties, in order supposedly to build a research institute there. This sets the upper-class gentry  buzzing with anxiety about the loss of their way of life, as to them all that appertains to the modern world and social development comes with the after-tone of horror. This is because to them modernity implies change and loss of their comfortable sense of privilege, some of which are inherited, others being simply bought privilege. The reaction of the gentleman residents, who are all swiftly described in sharp little sarcastic vignettes, is comical and ineffective, as they bumble about trying to get the authorities to move, always expecting each other to take responsibility for buying over the land from the developer. A comedy of manners follows, where each of them tries to hide from taking responsibility or to rise to any effective course of action. The conclusion comes from an unexpected place. It turns out that the developer is a kind of scammer who goes around looking for unspoilt English villages and buying land on the pretense of setting up research institutes, which he ends up selling at higher prices after the villagers fight to keep their land pristine.

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The Door in the Wall – H.G.Wells

H. G. Wells (1866-1946) is considered to be one of the most prolific and successful science-fiction writers of all times. He wrote ‘The War of the Worlds’, a novel which famously caused panic when it was broadcast live on the radio in 1938, when riots nearly broke out, when listeners thought that Earth was really being invaded by extraterrestrials. His science fiction stories provide a running commentary on real social issues, tapping upon popular culture, science, politics and satire. As for the present short story, although it does not deal with science fiction, stages through the symbolism of the door in the wall the division of the two paths offered to the contemporary individual. One of them is made of rationality, towing the line, doing what is expected, following the path of social and material success. The other path is elusive, evanescent, offered to us in the early years of childhood, when our full sensibilities are still alive, before they have been dulled by the process of conforming to social expectations. The door in the wall is symbolic of  the door of the imagination, fed with the purest feelings of wonder and belief in beauty, innocence and fulfillment.

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The Son’s Veto-Thomas Hardy

Thomas Hardy is known to be one of the major English novelists of nineteenth century. Most of his novels feature an imaginary Wessex, closely modelled on South East of England, at a time where dramatic changes were taking place in English society. These changes are often reflected in his writing in the exploration of the permeable boundaries between the peasantry and the more privileged classes. In the present story the reader’s interest is on the tragic fate of a young woman from the servant class -Sophie- who, through marriage to a widowed vicar, moves up the social ladder, only to experience solitude, dissociation and nostalgia for the simplicities of her old way of life. The prospect of a return to the simple life presents itself in the form of a suitor of old - Sam Hobson, a gardener whom she had once thought of marrying before the vicar’s proposal fell upon her, offering a materially better prospect. Sam Hobson reappears in her life when she is at the lowest, immobilized through her foot injury, isolated through the death of her husband, the boarding school education of her son and the demureness of her social standing as the vicar’s widow. At this point Sam Hobson fortuitously reappears in her life. He is now the manager of a market garden in London.

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The Yellow Wallpaper – Charlotte Perkins Gilman

The Yellow Wallpaper (1892) is a study of a woman’s gradual descent into madness. The story is told from the first person perspective, as the woman narrates how her whole environment goes into overdrive to protect her from the least stress after the post-partum depression she experiences, following the birth of her child. Her household duties are taken away from her, childcare is taken way. The only thing she has to do is nothing all day. Her husband, who is a famed doctor, does not believe his wife is ill. He says she suffers from momentary distemper which can be cured by rest. So he decides that their bedroom, will be the nursery. The room is specially chosen because it has railings at the window. The woman is kept virtually like a prisoner there, for her own good she is told. The husband, who is away for long stretches of time, does not even want his wife to write. But write she does and the writing soon veers into chronicling her gradual descent into madness. Using his patriarchal entitlement, the well-meaning husband overturns her request for a better room with different patterns, despite her repeated requests. But the woman is forced to spend hours in the nursery with its large yellow flowers which she feels are monstrous. The wall paper has also been peeled in many places, by the nursery children in the past.

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